Wien, Ulrich Andreas: Von der „Volkskirche” zur „Volksreligion”? Beobachtungen zur Entwicklung der Evangelischen Landeskirche A.B. in Rumänien von 1919 bis 1944?. In: Ecumenical Review Sibiu/Revista Ecumenică Sibiu. An/Vol. 4. (2012) Nr. 2. pp. 169 – 222.

The traditional idea of “folk-Church” was effective in Transylvania beginning with the end of the 19th century and far into the 20th century. Critical symptoms, already noticed before the WWI, threw the province after the annexation to Romania into a deep crisis, particularly because of the financial burden imposed by the German private school system managed by the Church. This crisis was useful to the national socialism and to its anti-Church ideology. It propagated the idea of “national solidarity”, which was meant to alternatively monopolize all social groups ideologically and as ethnic social formations. The marginalized ecclesiastical organisation, together with the German population of national-socialist orientation and controlled by the SS, were ideologically and administratively coordinated in such a way that the Land Church got subjected to a syncretistic concept of “national Churches”. 

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